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Citrus Plants, Kishu Mandarin
(Citrus kinokuni mukakukishu). Your order includes 1 plant. What’s not to love about Kishu mandarin, with its supremely sweet and seedless, bite-size orange perfection in an easy-to-peel skin? Kishu trees will grow 6 to 8 feet tall in pots (and taller if planted in ground) and bear impressive numbers of delectable fruit about the size of ping pong balls. Kishu mandarin is believed to have originated in southern China in the 8th century and is one of several small-fruited Chinese mandarins. After its introduction to Japan in the 13th century, Kishu became a favorite in Tokyo. It was introduced in America in the 1800s, but it didn’t take off in popularity until the late 20th century, when breeders developed a seedless version and Jim Churchill, a citrus grower in Ojai, CA, established the first Kishu orchard in the U.S.
- Perennial in USDA zones 9-11 (can be grown in containers and overwintered indoors in cooler zones)
- Days to harvest: 180-270 days (6-9 months after flowering)
- Sun exposure: 6-8 hours of full to partial sun
- Planting depth: Same depth as the root ball
- Plant spacing: 8 to 12 feet (4 to 6 feet for container-grown plants)
- Ideal temperature: 60°F to 85°F
- Frost Hardy? Moderately – can tolerate brief exposure to 32°F but needs protection from prolonged frost.
Growing Tips
Kishu Mandarin trees thrive in well-drained, slightly acidic soil (pH 6.0-7.0) with 6-8 hours of sunlight. Water regularly, keeping the soil moist but not soggy. Fertilize with a citrus-specific fertilizer every 6-8 weeks during the growing season. Prune lightly to maintain shape and remove dead or crossing branches, and protect the tree from frost in colder climates.
When to Grow
Plant Kishu Mandarin trees in the spring after the last frost. In warmer regions (zones 9-11), fall planting is also suitable. Container-grown plants can be started year-round if protected indoors during frost. Early planting ensures proper root establishment before extreme weather conditions. If you’re not sure how to find your first and last frost dates, consult our blog post 'Our Experts Answer Questions, Share Resources.'
How to Sow and Plant
Choose a sunny, sheltered site with well-draining soil. Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball and as deep. Place the tree in the hole, ensuring the root crown is at or slightly above ground level. Backfill with soil, water thoroughly, and apply a 2-inch layer of mulch around the base, leaving space around the trunk to prevent rot.
How to Grow
Water deeply and consistently, allowing the top inch of soil to dry between waterings. Apply a balanced citrus fertilizer during the active growing season. Monitor for pests like aphids or scale and manage them promptly. Protect young plants from frost by covering them or bringing containers indoors during cold spells.
How to Save
- Propagation is best achieved through grafting onto a compatible citrus rootstock for reliable fruit quality and vigor.
- Semi-hardwood cuttings can also be propagated with rooting hormone, though they require warm, humid conditions.
- Seed propagation is possible but not recommended due to variable fruit characteristics and a longer maturity timeline.
FAQ
How long does it take for a Kishu Mandarin tree to bear fruit?
Grafted Kishu Mandarin trees typically begin producing fruit within 2-3 years. Seed-grown trees may take 5-7 years to mature. Once established, the tree blooms in spring, with fruit ripening in late fall to early winter, offering a sweet and seedless harvest.
Can Kishu Mandarin trees grow in pots?
Yes, Kishu Mandarins are well-suited for container growing. Use a large pot with drainage holes and a citrus-specific potting mix. Ensure the tree gets at least 6 hours of sunlight daily, and move the container indoors during winter if temperatures fall below 40°F.
How do I protect my Kishu Mandarin tree from frost?
In frost-prone areas, cover your Kishu Mandarin tree with frost cloth when temperatures drop below 40°F. For potted trees, bring them indoors or into a greenhouse during cold weather. Mulching around the base can help insulate the roots, and watering before a freeze can also provide some protection.
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