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Cowpea Seeds, Holstein
(Vigna unguiculata). Valued for their excellent nutritional content, including high protein and essential vitamins. Ideal for both fresh eating and cooking, Holstein cowpeas can be used in soups, stews, and salads, or dried for long-term storage. Named for the famous cattle breed. Their compact, bushy habit makes them easy to interplant and ideal for smaller gardens.
- Annual
- Sprouts in 5–10 days
- 70–95 days to maturity
- Full sun
- Planting depth: 1–2 inches
- Plant spacing: 4 to 6 inches
- Ideal temperature: 70°F to 95°F
- Frost hardy? No
Growing Tips
Holstein cowpeas thrive in hot, sunny climates with well-drained, sandy or loamy soil. They are known for their distinctive black and white seeds and reliable drought tolerance. Once established, plants require little maintenance and offer a dual purpose: improving soil fertility and providing protein-rich dry beans. For optimal results, avoid waterlogged soils and over-fertilizing with nitrogen.
When to Grow
Sow Holstein cowpea seeds outdoors after all danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures reach at least 65°F. In regions with long summers, stagger sowings every few weeks for continual harvests. If you’re not sure how to find your first and last frost dates, consult our blog post 'Our Experts Answer Questions, Share Resources.'
How to Sow and Plant
Soaking seeds for 24 hours before planting can speed up germination. Direct sow Holstein cowpeas 1 to 2 inches deep into warm soil. Space seeds 4 to 6 inches apart in rows that are 18 to 30 inches apart. Water lightly after planting. Thin if necessary once seedlings emerge, though spacing typically ensures optimal air circulation and pod production.
How to Grow
Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry between waterings. Holstein cowpeas are adapted to heat and drought but require moisture during flowering and pod set. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers. Mulch can help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Use crop rotation to maintain soil health and reduce pest buildup.
How to Save
- Allow pods to fully mature and dry on the plant
- Harvest when pods are brittle and seeds rattle inside
- Shell pods and collect seeds
- Remove debris and inspect for damage or insect presence
- Dry seeds thoroughly for 1–2 weeks in a shaded, airy spot
- Store in a cool, dry, airtight container labeled with date and variety
FAQ
Can Holstein cowpeas be used as a cover crop?
Yes, Holstein cowpeas fix nitrogen and build organic matter, making them an excellent summer cover crop. They suppress weeds and improve soil fertility while producing a useful food crop.
Do Holstein cowpeas require staking or support?
No, Holstein cowpeas grow as bushy, semi-erect plants and generally do not require trellising or support. Their compact habit makes them suitable for smaller gardens or interplanting systems.
Are Holstein cowpeas good for dry bean production?
Absolutely. Holstein cowpeas produce reliable yields of richly patterned dry beans that store well. Allow pods to mature fully on the plant for maximum viability and nutritional value.
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